> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://duce.gitbook.io/duce/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://duce.gitbook.io/duce/getting-started/publish-your-docs.md).

# Duce Layered Design

**Base Layer (Layer‑1)**

Duce utilizes a secure, decentralized blockchain—such as Ethereum’s Proof-of-Stake network—as its foundational layer. This layer provides consensus, final settlement, and security for all transactions.

**Superchain Optimistic Rollup (Layer‑2)**

The superchain optimistic rollup aggregates transactions off-chain into batches. These batches are then submitted to the base layer with succinct proofs. Key features include:

* **Batch Processing:** Increases throughput by processing multiple transactions in a single batch.
* **Optimistic Execution:** Assumes correctness of batched transactions with on-chain dispute resolution via fraud proofs.
* **Interoperability:** Enables communication across multiple rollup chains, forming a “superchain” that enhances scalability.

 **zkDEFAI FHE Module**

At the heart of Duce’s smart contracts, the zkDEFAI FHE Module performs all investment computations on encrypted data. This module integrates:

* **FHE:** For confidential computation of yields and returns.
* **zk Proofs:** For verifiable and transparent validation of computational results without exposing raw data. The interaction between encrypted computations and on-chain verification ensures that every step of the investment process is both secure and auditable.


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